Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner proposed a theory in 1983 that opposed the traditional idea that standard IQ exams gave an accurate picture of a student's abilities. Instead, he proposed that different individuals can and do excel in different areas. These idea of multiple intelligences expanded the way that educators looked at individual students strengths and weaknesses.

According to Gardner, there are nine intelligences. They are:

• Linguistic Intelligence
• Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
• Spatial Intelligence
• Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
• Musical Intelligence
• Interpersonal Intelligence
• Intrapersonal Intelligence
• Naturalist Intelligence
• Existential Intelligence

Traditionally, teachers tend to focus on the first two of these intelligences. However, it is important to remember that many students do not have strengths in these learning areas. If we can learn to incorporate the other intelligences into our lesson plans, we have a greater chance of engaging a larger group of students. However, this does not mean that teachers should feel that they have to include every or even numerous intelligences in each lesson plan. Instead, teachers should strive to provide variety in their lesson plans. Instead of sticking to lecture or whole group discussion, mix in activities that include music, get kids out of their seat, or allow them to directly interact with each other.